Understanding intra-neighborhood patterns in PM2.5and PM10 using mobile monitoring in Braddock, PA 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Understanding intra-neighborhood patterns in PM2.5and PM10 using mobile monitoring in Braddock, PA 英文参考文献.doc

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Understanding intra-neighborhood patterns in PM2.5and PM10 using mobile monitoring in Braddock, PA 英文参考文献

Tunnoetal.EnvironmentalHealth2012,11:76 /content/11/1/76 RESEARCH OpenAccess Understandingintra-neighborhoodpatternsin PM2.5andPM10usingmobilemonitoringin Braddock,PA BrettJTunno1*,KyraNaumoffShields1,PaulLioy7,NanjunChu4,JosephBKadane4,BambangParmanto3, GedePramana3,JenniferZora5,CliffDavidson6,FernandoHolguin2andJaneEClougherty1 Abstract Background:Braddock,PennsylvaniaishometotheEdgarThomsonSteelWorks(ETSW),oneofthefewremaining activesteelmillsinthePittsburghregion.Aneconomicallydistressedarea,Braddockexceedsaverageannual (15μg/m3)anddaily(35μg/m3)NationalAmbientAirQualityStandards(NAAQS)forparticulatematter(PM2.5). Methods:Amobileairmonitoringstudywasdesignedandimplementedinmorningandafternoonhoursinthe summerandwinter(2010–2011)toexplorethewithin-neighborhoodspatialandtemporal(within-dayand between-day)variabilityinPM2.5andPM10. Results:Bothpollutantsdisplayedspatialvariationbetweenstops,andsubstantialtemporalvariationwithinand acrossstudydays.Forsummermorningsamplingruns,site-specificmeanPM2.5rangedfrom30.0(SD=3.3)to55.1 (SD=13.0)μg/m .MeanPM10rangedfrom30.4(SD=2.5)to69.7(SD=51.2)μg/m3,respectively.Duringsummer months,afternoonconcentrationsweresignificantlylowerthanmorningforbothPM2.5andPM10 ,potentially owingtomorningsubsidenceinversions.Winterconcentrationswerelowerthansummer,onaverage,andshowed 3 lesserdiurnalvariation.Temperature,windspeed,andwinddirectionpredictedsignificantvariabilityinPM2.5 PM10inmultiplelinearregressionmodels. and Conclusions:DatarevealssignificantmorningversusafternoonvariabilityandspatialvariabilityinbothPM2.5 and PM10concentrationswithinBraddock.Informationobtainedonpeakconcentrationperiods,andthecombined effectsofindustry,traffic,andelevationinthisregioninformedthedesignofalargerstationarymonitoringnetwork. Keywords:“Particulatematter”,“Mobilemonitoring”,“Spatialandtemporalvariability”,“Braddock,Pennsylvania” Background Andrew Carnegie sited the first steel mill along the Airpollutionfromheavyindustryhasdecreasedoverre- Mo