Ultrafast Laser-Based Spectroscopy and Sensing Applications in LIBS, CARS, and THz Spectroscopy 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2010, 10, 4342-4372; doi:10.3390/s100504342 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Ultrafast Laser-Based Spectroscopy and Sensing: Applications in LIBS, CARS, and THz Spectroscopy Megan R. Leahy-Hoppa 1,*, Joseph Miragliotta 1, Robert Osiander 1, Jennifer Burnett 2, Yamac Dikmelik 3, Caroline McEnnis 4 and James B. Spicer 4 1 Milton S. Eisenhower Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; E-Mails: joseph.miragliotta@ (J.M.); robert.osiander@ (R.O.) 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Louisville, KY, USA; E-Mail: jennifer.burnett@ 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; E-Mail: yamac@ 4 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; E-Mails: mcennis@ (C.M.); spicer@ (J.B.S.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: megan.leahy-hoppa@; Tel.: +1-443-778-1858; Fax: +1-443-778-3500. Received: 1 March 2010; in revised form: 30 March 2010 / Accepted: 9 April 2010 / Published: 29 April 2010 Abstract: Ultrafast pulsed lasers find application in a range of spectroscopy and sensing techniques including laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), coherent Raman spectroscopy, and terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Whether based on absorption or emission processes, the characteristics of these techniques are heavily influenced by the use of ultrafast pulses in the signal generation process. Depending on the energy of the pulses used, the essential laser interaction process can primarily involve lattice vibrations, molecular rotations, or a combination of excited states produced by laser heating. While some of these techniques are currently confined to sensing at close ranges, others can be implemented for remote spectroscopic sensing owing principally to the laser