Ultrasonication-Assisted Solvent Extraction of Quercetin Glycosides from ‘Idared’ Apple Peels 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2011, 16, 9783-9791; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Article Ultrasonication-Assisted Solvent Extraction of Quercetin Glycosides from ‘Idared’ Apple Peels H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe *, Priya Kathirvel and Gwendolyn M. Huber Tree Fruit Bio-product Research Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: vrupasinghe@nsac.ca; Tel: +1-902-893-6623; Fax: +1-902-893-1404. Received: 14 November 2011; in revised form: 22 November 2011 / Accepted: 22 November 2011 / Published: 25 November 2011 Abstract: Quercetin and quercetin glycosides are physiologically active flavonol molecules that have been attributed numerous health benefits. Recovery of such molecules from plant matrices depends on a variety of factors including polarity of the extraction solvent. Among the solvents of a wide range of dielectric constants, methanol recovered the most quercetin and its glycosides from dehydrated ‘Idared’ apple peels. When ultrasonication was employed to facilitate the extraction, exposure of 15 min of ultrasound wavelengths of dehydrated apple peel powder in 80% to 100% (v/v) methanol in 1:50 (w:v) solid to solvent ratio provided the optimum extraction conditions for quercetin and its glycosides. Acidification of extraction solvent with 0.1% (v/v) or higher concentrations of HCl led to hydrolysis of naturally occurring quercetin glycosides into the aglycone as an extraction artifact. Keywords: flavonols; extraction; ultrasonication; quercetin; quercetin glycoside; acidification; apple 1. Introduction Dietary plant polyphenolic molecules, specifically flavonoids, have become of a great interest due to their widely reported potential health benefits [1-4]. Quercetin is one of the