Ultrafiltration (UF) Pilot Plant for Municipal Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture Impact of the Operation Mode on Process Performance 英文参考文献.docVIP

Water 2009, 1, 872-885; doi:10.3390/w2040872 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 /journal/water Article Ultrafiltration (UF) Pilot Plant for Municipal Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: Impact of the Operation Mode on Process Performance Dario Falsanisi 1,2,*, Lorenzo Liberti 1 and Michele Notarnicola 1 1 Technical University of Bari, Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development, Taranto, Viale del Turismo, 74100, Italy; E-Mails: l.liberti@poliba.it (L.L.); notarnicola@poliba.it (M.N.) 2 Nalco Company, 1601 W. Diehl Road, Naperville, IL 60563, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: d.falsanisi@poliba.it; Tel.: +39-339-5751-460; Fax: +39-099-4733-240. Received: 9 October 2010; in revised form: 15 November 2010 / Accepted: 15 November 2010 / Published: 22 November 2010 Abstract: Following increasing interest in the use of UltraFiltration (UF) membrane processes as an alternative advanced disinfection technique, the performance of a UF pilot plant was investigated under two opposite operating conditions (“stressed operating condition” versus “conventional operating condition”). The results indicate that for both conditions, the reclaimed effluent complied with the Italian regulations for unrestricted wastewater reuse (i.e., Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 10 mg/L; Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 100 mg/L and Escherichia coli 10 CFU/100 mL). On the other hand, when compared with the Title 22 of the California Wastewater Reclamation Criteria, only the effluent produced under the “conventional operating condition” met the stipulated water quality standards (i.e., TSS and turbidity undetectable and total coliforms 2.2 CFU/100 mL). It should be noted that, in spite of the nominal cut-off size, total coliforms breakthrough was indeed occasionally observed. A localized membrane pore micro-enlargement mechanism was