Ultrasonic Sensors in Urban Traffic Driving-Aid Systems 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 661-673; doi:10.3390/s110100661 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Ultrasonic Sensors in Urban Traffic Driving-Aid Systems Luciano Alonso 1,*, Vicente Milanés 2, Carlos Torre-Ferrero 1, Jorge Godoy 2, Juan P. Oria 1 and Teresa de Pedro 2 1 Control Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; E-Mails: carlos@teisa.unican.es (C.T.-F.); oria@teisa.unican.es (J.P.O.) 2 AUTOPIA Program at Center for Automation and Robotics (CAR, UPM-CSIC), 28500 Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: anes@car.upm-csic.es (V.M.); jorge.godoy@car.upm-csic.es (J.G.); teresa.pedro@car.upm-csic.es (T.D.P.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: alonso@teisa.unican.es; Tel.: +34-942-201-864; Fax: +34-942-201-873. Received: 17 November 2010; in revised form: 13 December 2010 / Accepted: 16 December 2010 / Published: 11 January 2011 Abstract: Currently, vehicles are often equipped with active safety systems to reduce the risk of accidents, most of which occur in urban environments. The most prominent include Antilock Braking Systems (ABS), Traction Control and Stability Control. All these systems use different kinds of sensors to constantly monitor the conditions of the vehicle, and act in an emergency. In this paper the use of ultrasonic sensors in active safety systems for urban traffic is proposed, and the advantages and disadvantages when compared to other sensors are discussed. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) for urban traffic based on ultrasounds is presented as an application example. The proposed system has been implemented in a fully-automated prototype vehicle and has been tested under real traffic conditions. The results confirm the good performance of ultrasonic sensors in these systems. Keywords: ultrasonic sensors; signal processing; active safety; artificial intelligence 1. Introduction According to the