Update on peripheral mechanisms of pain beyond prostaglandins and cytokines 英文参考文献.docVIP

Schaibleetal.ArthritisResearchTherapy2011,13:210 /content/13/2/210 REVIEW OpenAccess Updateonperipheralmechanismsofpain: beyondprostaglandinsandcytokines Hans-GeorgSchaible*,AndreaEbersbergerandGabrielNatura Abstract Theperipheralnociceptorisanimportanttargetofpaintherapybecausemanypathologicalconditionssuchas inflammationexciteandsensitizeperipheralnociceptors.Numerousionchannelsandreceptorsforinflammatory mediatorswereidentifiedinnociceptorsthatareinvolvedinneuronalexcitationandsensitization,andnew targets,beyondprostaglandinsandcytokines,emergedforpaintherapy.Thisreviewaddressesmechanismsof nociceptionandfocusesonmoleculesthatarecurrentlyfavoredasnewtargetsindrugdevelopmentorthatare alreadytargetedbynewcompoundsatthestageofclinicaltrials-namelythetransientreceptorpotentialV1 receptor,nervegrowthfactor,andvoltage-gatedsodiumchannels-orboth. Introduction that potentially or actually damage the tissue (noxious Painresearchsubstantiallyamplifiesourunderstandingof stimuli).This‘physiologicalnociceptivepain’isawarn- thenatureandmechanismsofpain,andthisareaisstill ing sensation and absolutely essential for survival expanding.Wehavelearnedthatdifferentformsofpain because it triggers adequate avoidance reactions. Pain canbedistinguishedaccordingtotheirpathogenesis(for treatment must not impair this type of pain. On the example, nociceptive versus neuropathic pain) (see the other hand, pain is an important symptom of disease, followingsection),andwearebeginningtodecipherthe and this pain has to be treated because it impairs nor- molecularmechanismsinvolvedindifferenttypesofpain. mallife[1].Thepainelicitedbyinflammationorinjury Importantly,thisresearchprovidednewtargetsforpain of an organ is called ‘pathophysiological nociceptive treatment, and different classes of compounds that are pain’.Thispainistypicallyelicitedbylow-energystimuli effectiveagainstpaininanimalmodelsandthatarenow thatarenormallyinnocuousandnotpainful.Itapp