Urban air pollution and emergency room admissions for respiratory symptoms a case-crossover study in Palermo, Italy 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Urban air pollution and emergency room admissions for respiratory symptoms a case-crossover study in Palermo, Italy 英文参考文献.doc

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Urban air pollution and emergency room admissions for respiratory symptoms a case-crossover study in Palermo, Italy 英文参考文献

Tramutoetal.EnvironmentalHealth2011,10:31 /content/10/1/31 RESEARCH OpenAccess Urbanairpollutionandemergencyroom admissionsforrespiratorysymptoms:acase- crossoverstudyinPalermo,Italy FabioTramuto1*,RosannaCusimano2,3,GiuseppeCerame1,MarcelloVultaggio4,GiuseppeCalamusa1, CarmeloMMaida1andFrancescoVitale1 Abstract Background:Airpollutionfromvehiculartraffichasbeenassociatedwithrespiratorydiseases.InPalermo,the largestmetropolitanareainSicily,urbanairpollutionismainlyaddressedtotraffic-relatedpollutionbecauseoflack ofindustrialsettlements,andthepresenceofatemperateclimatethatcontributetothelimiteduseofdomestic heatingplants.Thisstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheassociationbetweentraffic-relatedairpollutionandemergency roomadmissionsforacuterespiratorysymptoms. Methods:FromJanuary2004throughDecember2007,airpollutantconcentrationsandemergencyroomvisits werecollectedforacase-crossoverstudyconductedinPalermo,Sicily.Riskestimatesofshort-termexposuresto particulatematterandgaseousambientpollutantsincludingcarbonmonoxide,nitrogendioxide,andsulfurdioxide werecalculatedbyusingaconditionallogisticregressionanalysis. Results:Emergencydepartmentsprovideddataon48,519visitsforrespiratorysymptoms.Adjustedcase-crossover analysesrevealedstrongereffectsinthewarmseasonforthemostpartofthepollutantsconsidered,witha positiveassociationforPM10 (oddsratio=1.039,95%confidenceinterval:1.020-1.059),SO2(OR=1.068,95%CI: 1.014-1.126),nitrogendioxide(NO2:OR=1.043,95%CI:1.021-1.065),andCO(OR=1.128,95%CI:1.074-1.184), especiallyamongfemales(accordingtoanincreaseof10μg/m inPM10,NO2,SO2,and1mg/m3inCOexposure). ApositiveassociationwasobservedeitherinwarmorincoldseasononlyforPM10. 3 Conclusions:Ourfindingssuggestthat,inoursetting,exposuretoambientlevelsofairpollutionisanimportant determinantofemergencyroom(ER)visitsforacuterespiratorysymptoms,particularlyduringthewarmseason.ER admittancemaybeconsideredagoodproxytoevaluatetheadverseeffectsofairpollutiononrespiratoryhealth. Background