Uranium and other contaminants in hair from the parents of children with congenital anomalies in Fallujah, Iraq 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Uranium and other contaminants in hair from the parents of children with congenital anomalies in Fallujah, Iraq 英文参考文献.doc

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Uranium and other contaminants in hair from the parents of children with congenital anomalies in Fallujah, Iraq 英文参考文献

Alaanietal.ConflictandHealth2011,5:15 /content/5/1/15 RESEARCH OpenAccess Uraniumandothercontaminantsinhairfromthe parentsofchildrenwithcongenitalanomaliesin Fallujah,Iraq SamiraAlaani1,MuhammedTafash1,ChristopherBusby2*,MalakHamdan3andEleonoreBlaurock-Busch4 Abstract Background:Recentreportshavedrawnattentiontoincreasesincongenitalbirthanomaliesandcancerin FallujahIraqblamedonteratogenic,geneticandgenomicstressthoughttoresultfromdepletedUranium contaminationfollowingthebattlesinthetownin2004.Contaminationoftheparentsofthechildrenandofthe environmentbyUraniumandotherelementswasinvestigatedusingInductivelyCoupledPlasmaMass Spectrometry.Hairsamplesfrom25fathersandmothersofchildrendiagnosedwithcongenitalanomalieswere analysedforUraniumand51otherelements.Meanagesoftheparentswas:fathers29.6(SD6.2);mothers:27.3 (SD6.8).Forasub-groupof6women,longlocksofhairwereanalysedforUraniumalongthelengthofthehairto obtaininformationabouthistoricexposures.SamplesofsoilandwaterwerealsoanalysedandUraniumisotope ratiosdetermined. Results:LevelsofCa,Mg,Co,Fe,Mn,V,Zn,Sr,Al,Ba,Bi,Ga,Pb,Hg,PdandU(formothersonly)weresignificantly higherthanpublishedmeanlevelsinanuncontaminatedpopulationinSweden.InhighexcesswereCa,Mg,Sr, Al,BiandHg.OftheseonlyHgcanbeconsideredasapossiblecauseofcongenitalanomaly.Meanlevelsfor Uraniumwere0.16ppm(SD:0.11)range0.02to0.4,higherinmothers(0.18ppmSD0.09)thanfathers(0.11ppm; SD0.13).Thehighlyunusualnon-normalFallujahdistributionmeanwassignificantlyhigherthanliteratureresults foracontrolpopulationSouthernIsrael(0.062ppm)andanon-parametrictest(MannWhitney-Wilcoxon)gavep= 0.016forthiscomparisonofthedistribution.MeanlevelsinFallujahwerealsomuchhigherthanthemeanof measurementsreportedfromJapan,Brazil,SwedenandSlovenia(0.04ppmSD0.02).Soilsamplesshowlow concentrationswithameanof0.76ppm(SD0.42)andrange0.1-1.5ppm;(N=18).Howeveritmaybeconsistent withlevelsindrinkingwater(2.28μgL-1)whichhadsimilarlevelstowaterfromwells(2.72μgL-1)andtheriver Euphrates(2.24μgL-1).Inaseparatestudyo