Useful Spectrokinetic Methods for the Investigation of Photochromic and Thermo-Photochromic Spiropyrans 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2008, 13, 2260-2302; DOI: 10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /molecules Review Useful Spectrokinetic Methods for the Investigation of Photochromic and Thermo-Photochromic Spiropyrans Mounir Maafi Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK. E-mail: mmaafi@dmu.ac.uk. Tel: +44 116 257 7704; Fax: +44 116 257 7287 Received: 14 August 2008; in revised form: 19 September 2008 / Accepted: 19 September 2008 / Published: 25 September 2008 Abstract: This review reports on the main results of a set of kinetic elucidation methods developed by our team over the last few years. Formalisms, procedures and examples to solve all possible AB photochromic and thermophotochromic kinetics are presented. Also, discussions of the operating conditions, the continuous irradiation experiment, the spectrokinetic methods testing with numerical integration methods, and the identifiability/distinguishability problems, are included. Keywords: Spectrokinetic methods, kinetic elucidation, spiropyrans, photochromic and thermochromic compounds. 1. Introduction Chromism often describes a reversible colour change of a material that can be induced photochemically (photochromism) or thermally (thermochromism) [1-4]. It translates the transformation of chemical species between two (or more) forms which have different absorption spectra (Figure 1). In the case where only two species can be monitored during the photo- or thermochromism, the reaction is named an AB system (vide infra sections 2, 4 and 5). When both the latter processes responsible for the colour change take place, the AB system is called a thermo- photochromic system.  Molecules 2008, 13 2261 The initial species A is usually the thermodynamically stable and colourless (or weakly coloured) form whereas