Using the Image Analysis Method for Describing Soil Detachment by a Single Water Drop Impact 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Using the Image Analysis Method for Describing Soil Detachment by a Single Water Drop Impact 英文参考文献.doc

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Using the Image Analysis Method for Describing Soil Detachment by a Single Water Drop Impact 英文参考文献

Sensors 2012, 12, 11527-11543; doi:10.3390/s120911527 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Using the Image Analysis Method for Describing Soil Detachment by a Single Water Drop Impact Magdalena Ry?ak * and Andrzej Bieganowski Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Do?wiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland; E-Mail: a.bieganowski@ipan.lublin.pl * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: m.ryzak@ipan.lublin.pl; Tel.: +48-81-744-5061; Fax: +48-81-744-5067. Received: 18 June 2012; in revised form: 6 August 2012 / Accepted: 16 August 2012 / Published: 24 August 2012 Abstract: The aim of the present work was to develop a method based on image analysis for describing soil detachment caused by the impact of a single water drop. The method consisted of recording tracks made by splashed particles on blotting paper under an optical microscope. The analysis facilitated division of the recorded particle tracks on the paper into drops, “comets” and single particles. Additionally, the following relationships were determined: (i) the distances of splash; (ii) the surface areas of splash tracks into relation to distance; (iii) the surface areas of the solid phase transported over a given distance; and (iv) the ratio of the solid phase to the splash track area in relation to distance. Furthermore, the proposed method allowed estimation of the weight of soil transported by a single water drop splash in relation to the distance of the water drop impact. It was concluded that the method of image analysis of splashed particles facilitated analysing the results at very low water drop energy and generated by single water drops. Keywords: soil detachment measurement; splash; image analysis; single water drop 1. Introduction Soil, a natural product of the top layer of the Earth’s crust, serves multiple important functions in ecosystems. Thanks to its retention capacity, soil plays a signific