人体发育学（程基焱）颜面部的发生2.pptVIP

* Initially, this overgrowth leaves an ectodermal-lined cavity, cervial sinus. Cervial sinus is normally obliterated (disappear) * 如何理解第一腮弓内面是内胚层呢？它在口咽膜前方形成的，只有外胚层， * 富含血管，与肺联想，获取氧气， 人类早期也有腮，后来退化与演变， * Ok , we understood the pharyngeal apparatus, which is the basis to study face formation. Now lets talk about the face formation. * At the end of week 4， BM ruptures Fusion of lateral mandibular promenence 这就是我们早期颜面，像不像呀， * 在此提下鼻板，晶状体板： 额鼻突尾端，两侧，耳板：第一腮沟背侧。 此处可板书鼻板演化。 * 原基, * By the week 10, the primary face forms and then, final form of face results from differential growth of several facial bones, which changes the proportions of the overlying strucutures * Such defects are due to a partial or complete lack of fusion of the maxillary prominence with the medial nasal prominence on one or both sides. * Oblique facial clefts are produced by failure of the maxillary prominence to merge with its corresponding lateral nasal prominence. When this occurs, the nasolacrimal duct is usually exposed to the surface * 美音：[] 英音：[] n.【解】 1. 悬雍垂;小舌 2. 小脑悬雍垂,蚓垂 [ 结果来源于: /Html/EnglishtoChinese/103/uvula_uyaziltbuyazcqazpwrnkoil.html ] * open into the oral cavity and pharynx * 两者都是由内侧鼻突与上颌突形成的，原因相同，原因发生异常，果都受影响。 * Elliptic 椭圆的 * At the end of the fourth week of development, limb buds become visible as outpocketings from the ventrolateral body wall (see Fig. 9.12A). Initially, they consist of a mesenchymal core derived from the somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm that will form the bones and connective tissues of the limb, covered by a layer of cuboidal ectoderm. Ectoderm at the distal border of the limb thickens and forms the Apical ectodermal ridge (AER) (see Fig. 9.13). This ridge exerts an inductive influence on adjacent mesenchyme, causing it to remain as a population of undifferentiated, rapidly proliferating cells, the progress zone. As the limb grows, cells farther from the influence of the AER begin to differentiate into cartilage and muscle. In this manner, developm