航天器用燃料储箱 防渗透内囊的研制详解.pptVIP

Reaction Kinetics (2) Xuan Cheng Xiamen University * * Physical Chemistry A ? P n?2 A ? P 2 A ? P 1 A ? P 0 t1/2 Rate Law Reaction Order Simple Order Reactions Physical Chemistry Reaction Kinetics Typical Complex Reactions Physical Chemistry Reversible reaction Consecutive reaction Opposing reaction Competing reaction Parallel reaction kb (1) (2) (3) Reaction Kinetics Physical Chemistry Reversible First-Order Reactions Consider the reverse reaction (opposing reaction) kb (17.1) the first order in both forward and back directions Reaction Kinetics Physical Chemistry (17.31) (17.32) Reversible First-Order Reactions Reaction Kinetics Physical Chemistry At equilibrium, Reversible First-Order Reactions (17.32) and (17.33) (17.34) Reaction Kinetics (17.14)* (17.34) Physical Chemistry Reversible First-Order Reactions [A]/[A]o [C]/[A]o kf / kb=2 A ? C jt Fig. 17.2 When [A]eq=0, kb=0 [A]/[A]o t Fig. 17.1(a) Reaction Kinetics Physical Chemistry Consecutive First-Order Reactions Consider two consecutive irreversible first-order reactions (17.35) (17.36) Reaction Kinetics Physical Chemistry Let only A be present in the system at t = 0 (17.37) Consecutive First-Order Reactions (17.38) (17.36) (17.11) (17.39) (17.40) Integration Reaction Kinetics ? Physical Chemistry Consecutive First-Order Reactions At all times (conservation of matter) (17.38) (17.40) (17.41) Reaction Kinetics Physical Chemistry Consecutive First-Order Reactions The intermediate’s concentration rises to a maximum, and then falls to zero The concentration of the product C rises from zero and reaches [A]o (the position of maximum: k1/k2) Reaction Kinetics ? Physical Chemistry Consecutive First-Order Reactions Suppose that in an industrial batch process a substance A produces the desired product B which goes to decay to a worthless product C, each stage of the reaction being first-order. At what time will product B be present in greatest concentration? (17.40) The time dependence of [B] A maximum should occur a