新中国成立初期农村私塾的改造(1949-1952).pdfVIP

新中国成立初期农村私塾 的改造(1949-1952) 吴修串 (阜阳师范学院历史文化与旅游学院，安徽阜阳 236037) 摘 要:1949 年 10 月 1 日中华人民共和国成立时，私塾在中国城乡依然大量存在。新政权从 1949 年 10 月到 1952 年底，积极实施改造私塾的政策，到 1952 年底农村私塾基本绝迹，私塾改造取得了很大成效。 建国初期的私塾改造与清末以来的私塾改良一脉相承，符合小学教育现代化的趋势。新政权在改造私塾 方面取得不俗的成绩同时，也出现了忽视私塾传承中华传统文化和普及文化知识、不利于农民文化水平的 提高等问题。 关键词:新中国;农村;私塾;改造 中固分类号:K27 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-605X(2014)05-创隙6-08 The Transfonnation of Rural Private SchωIs Made by the pωple， s Republic of China ( 1949-1952) WU Xiu -shen (Sch∞1 of History Culture and Tourism ,Fuyang Teachers College ,Fuyang 236037 ,China) A恼位act: There still existed many private schools in cities and rural areas around China when the People s Republic of China was founded on October 1 , 1949. From October , 1949 to December , 1952 ,active measures were taken by the New Gov- ernment to successfully transform the countryside private schools ,which were finally eliminated by the end of 1952. 四e private schools transformation made by the People s Republic of China can be traced back to 出e private schools reformation initiated at the end of the Qing Dynasty ,and it was an integral part of the prim缸y education modernization. 四e private schools transfor- mation was a remarkable success ,but its negative effects are obvious: ignoring the positive role the private sch∞，ls could play in spreading and popularizing cultural knowledge ,and impairing the inhabitation of Chinese traditional culture and the enhance- ment of the pe喝san钮， educational level. Key words: the People s Republic of China; rural areas; private schools; transformation 1952 年底，私塾基本退出了历史舞台。关于新中国成立 私塾为传统中国社会儿童接受文化教育的主要组织