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Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles in the earthworm reproduction test
Schlichetal.EnvironmentalSciencesEurope2012,24:5
/content/24/1/5
RESEARCH
OpenAccess
EffectofTiO2nanoparticlesintheearthworm
reproductiontest
KarstenSchlich1,2,KonstantinTerytze2andKerstinHund-Rinke1*
Abstract
Background:Theincreasinguseofnanotechnologymeansthatnanomaterialswillentertheenvironment.
Ecotoxicologicaldataarethereforerequiredsothatadequateriskassessmentscanbecarriedout.Inthisstudy,we
usedastandardizedearthwormreproductiontestwithEiseniaandreitoevaluatethreetypesofTiO2nanoparticles
(NM-101,NM-102,NM-103).Thetestwasperformedinnaturalsandysoil(RefeSol01A)followingOrganisationfor
EconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentTestGuidelineNo.222.Thenanoparticlesdifferedinseveralaspects,
suchascrystallinestructure,size,andthepresenceorabsenceofacoating.
Results:Uncoatednanoparticlesstimulatedearthwormreproductioninaconcentration-dependentmannerduring
wintertesting,increasingthenumberofoffspringbyupto50%comparedtothecontrol.However,therewasno
stimulationwhenthesametestwasperformedinthesummer.Thisreflectedanunderlyingcircannualrhythm
observedinthecontrolsoil,characterizedbytheproductionofasignificantlylargernumberofjuvenilesin
summercomparedwiththatinwinter.TheeffectoftheuncoatedTiO2nanoparticleswastoreduceoreliminate
thecircannualdifferencesbyincreasingthereproductiverateinwinter.CoatedTiO2nanoparticlesdidnot
influenceearthwormreproduction.
Conclusion:TiO2appearstoaffectearthwormreproductiveactivitybyabolishingthecircannualrhythmthat
depressesreproductioninthewinter.Furtherexperimentswillbenecessarytodetermine(1)themodeofaction
ofthenanoparticles,(2)theimportantparameterscausingtheeffect(e.g.,relevantsoilparameters),and(3)the
environmentalrelevanceofcontinuousearthwormreproductionweobservedunderlaboratoryconditions.
Keywords:TiO2nanoparticles,ecotoxicity,earthwormreproduction
Background
nanomaterials on human health and the environment,
Theincreasinguseofnanotechnologymeansthatnano- focusingparticularlyontestingandassessmentmethods.
materialswillinevitablyenterthee
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