Estimation of Supraglacial Dust and Debris Geochemical Composition via Satellite Reflectance and Emissivity.docVIP
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Estimation of Supraglacial Dust and Debris Geochemical Composition via Satellite Reflectance and Emissivity
RemoteSens.2012,4,2554-2575;doi:10.3390/rs4092554
OPENACCESS
RemoteSensing
ISSN2072-4292
/journal/remotesensing
Article
EstimationofSupraglacialDustandDebrisGeochemical
CompositionviaSatelliteRe?ectanceandEmissivity
KimberlyCasey 1,*andAndreasK¨a¨ab
2
1
CryosphericSciencesLaboratory,NASAGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,Code615,Greenbelt,
MD20771,USA
2
DepartmentofGeosciences,UniversityofOslo,0316Oslo,Norway;
E-Mail:andreas.kaab@geo.uio.no
*Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-Mail:kimberly.a.casey@;
Tel.:+1-301-614-6098;Fax:+1-301-614-5644.
Received:1June2012;inrevisedform:31August2012/Accepted:3September2012/
Published:7September2012
Abstract: We demonstrate spectral estimation of supraglacial dust, debris, ash and
tephra geochemical composition from glaciers and ice ?elds in Iceland, Nepal, New
Zealand and Switzerland. Surface glacier material was collected and analyzed via X-ray
?uorescencespectroscopy(XRF)andX-raydiffraction(XRD)forgeochemicalcomposition
andmineralogy. Insitudatawasusedasgroundtruthforcomparisonwithsatellitederived
geochemicalresults. Supraglacialdebrisspectralresponsepatternsandemissivity-derived
silica weight percent are presented. Qualitative spectral response patterns agreed well
with XRF elemental abundances. Quantitative emissivity estimates of supraglacial SiO2
incontinentalareaswere67%(Switzerland)and68%(Nepal),whilevolcanicsupraglacial
SiO2 averages were 58% (Iceland) and 56% (New Zealand), yielding general agreement.
Ablationseasonsupraglacialtemperaturevariationduetodifferingdustanddebristypeand
coveragewasalsoinvestigated,withsurfacedebristemperaturesrangingfrom5.9to26.6 C
?
inthestudyregions. Applicationsofthesupraglacialgeochemicalre?ectiveandemissive
characterizationmethodsincludeglacierarealextentmapping,debrissourceidenti?cation,
glacierkinematicsandglacierenergybalanceconsiderations.
Keywords: glaciology; remote sensing; supraglacial dust; tephra; re?ectance; ASTER;
MODIS;Hyperion
RemoteSens.2012,4
2555
1.Context
Gla
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