Evolution of the 2n = 54 karyotype of Domestic sheep (Ovis aries).docVIP

Evolution of the 2n = 54 karyotype of Domestic sheep The diploid chromosome number of domestic evolved either from direct- 85 2n = , 56 line ancestral z!a = 54 stock or from a polyphyletic origin of 54 genetic types. 56 58 ancestry would have to imply chromosome reduction to the 2n = 54 diploid type either of n2 by genetic swamping = 5 and /or by an inherent 2n = 54 inbreeding evidence presented here suggests that chromosome evolution in Ovis came about by prezygotic selection toward lower chromosome numbers, of 2n ) = = ( tion toward the zn = 54genetic type. Thehybrid ewe toward reducing the diploid number by usually producing ova with n = 27 Of the 81 , 2 = a 2n = 55 ram is crossed on a 2n = 55 parental types, eight were = 54 nine 56. 2 55 . 2n ! The observed alteration in sex ratio (2 females born 2n = K T BCH N’An I ,;R et Chromosome evolution of Ovis involved a progressive ;N reduction in diploid al., Ig73a; § ). and BUNCH, 1977 number from 2n = 58 to 2n = 25 Ig 7 ; 4 g76;al., 1973AD al., A 2 acrocentrics within the ancestral sheep- n = 60 karyotype have formed the 4 pairs of biarmed autosomes common Populations of wild sheep have been partially categorized according to diploid types. Their cytogenetic groupings correspond closely to the natural (I) , rg77  ny K T A the Siberian snow sheep (O. nivi- 2n and Thinho sheep (0. canadensis and cola, 5 6) and (0. vignei, .) 1974 è translocated n2 = 5q.), have a = RU(BE R of 52 and 53 - WEdomestic sheep 54 BE URS NIRS and Evidence for the T1, T2 T3 B 1976). The n = autosomes of (T C H , KE 2n 54 = 7 logy of acrocentrics comprising the biarmed autosomes was derived from compa- 2n 58 rative G-band studies of wild sheep hybrids = 2n n2 0. musimon, n t0. hpair n = n2 45; = = 2n = 54; 54 X The 2 = 54 X 0. canadensis, 2n = (N Zg7)7. = 4 ,H types of the three of translo- 2 )45 ( however, does not cations described by to be similar to any of centric