Exposure to a dog elicits different cardiovascular and behavioral effects in pregnant and lactating goats.docVIP

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Exposure to a dog elicits different cardiovascular and behavioral effects in pregnant and lactating goats.doc

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Exposure to a dog elicits different cardiovascular and behavioral effects in pregnant and lactating goats

OlssonandHydbring-SandbergActaVeterinariaScandinavica2011,53:60 /content/53/1/60 RESEARCH OpenAccess Exposuretoadogelicitsdifferentcardiovascular andbehavioraleffectsinpregnantandlactating goats KerstinOlsson?andEvaHydbring-Sandberg*? Abstract Background:Heartrateandplasmacortisolconcentrationareoftenusedinevaluationofphysiologicalreactions tostressandfear,butarterialbloodpressureisrarelymeasuredinfarmanimals.Goatsarepreyanimalsandcanbe expectedtoreactstronglytoapredator,especiallywhentheyhavekids.Wehypothesizedthatexposuretoadog elicitsaflightresponseduringpregnancyandafightresponsewhengoatshavekidstodefend.Arterialblood pressureandheartrateshouldincreaseinboththesecases,duetoasynchronizeddischargeofthesympathetic nervoussystem. Methods:Sevengoatswereexposedtoadogfor15minutesat12±3daysbefore,andagainat10±1days after,parturition.Arterialbloodpressure,heartrate,andactivitywereregisteredbytelemetry.Behavioraldatawere collectedduring5minutesessions,followedbybloodsamplesobtainedviaintrajugularcatheters.Plasmacortisol concentrationwasanalyzedbyradioimmunoassay. Results:Attheappearanceofthedog,themeanarterialbloodpressureofthegoatsincreasedfrom90±8to 111±8mmHg(p0.001)duringpregnancyandfrom96±8to108±8mmHgduringlactation(p0.001). Heartratedidnotchangeatdogexposureduringlactation,butincreasedfrom117±6to126±10beats/min(p 0.01)duringpregnancy.Dogexposureresultedinplasmacortisolconcentrationincreasingfrom17±1to43± 7nmol/l(p0.01)duringpregnancyandfrom21±1to49±6nmol/l(p0.01)duringlactation.Inresponseto thedog,goatsvocalizedatahigherfrequencyandstartedtoruminatelaterduringlactationcomparedto pregnancy. Conclusions:Whengoatswereexposedtoadogduringpregnancy,theirheartrate,bloodpressure,andplasma cortisolincreased,incontrasttolactationwhenonlytheirbloodpressureandplasmacortisolincreased.However,when theywerelactating,goatsvocalizedmoreandstartedtoruminatelatercomparedtowhentheywerepregnant. Keywords:activity,arterialbloodpressure,behavior,cortisol,heartrate Background occurs,anele