Genome sequence of the stramenopile Blastocystis, a human anaerobic parasite.docVIP

Genome sequence of the stramenopile Blastocystis, a human anaerobic parasite.doc

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Genome sequence of the stramenopile Blastocystis, a human anaerobic parasite

Denoeudetal.GenomeBiology2011,12:R29 /content/12/3/R29 RESEARCH OpenAccess Genomesequenceofthestramenopile Blastocystis,ahumananaerobicparasite FranceDenoeud1?,Micha?lRoussel2,3?,BenjaminNoel1,IvanWawrzyniak2,3,CorinneDaSilva1,MarieDiogon2,3, EricViscogliosi4,5,6,7,CélineBrochier-Armanet8,9,ArnaudCouloux1,JuliePoulain1,BéatriceSegurens1, VéroniqueAnthouard1,CatherineTexier2,3,NicolasBlot2,3,PhilippePoirier2,3,GeokChooNg10,KevinSWTan10, Fran?oisArtiguenave1,OlivierJaillon1,Jean-MarcAury1,FrédéricDelbac2,3,PatrickWincker1*,ChristianPVivarès2,3* andHichamElAlaoui2,3* Abstract Background:Blastocystisisahighlyprevalentanaerobiceukaryoticparasiteofhumansandanimalsthatis associatedwithvariousgastrointestinalandextraintestinaldisorders.Epidemiologicalstudieshaveidentified differentsubtypesbutnoonesubtypehasbeendefinitivelycorrelatedwithdisease. Results:Herewereportthe18.8MbgenomesequenceofaBlastocystissubtype7isolate,whichisthesmallest stramenopilegenomesequencedtodate.Thegenomeishighlycompactandcontainsintriguingrearrangements. Comparisonswithotheravailablestramenopilegenomes(plantpathogenicoomyceteanddiatomgenomes) revealedeffectorproteinspotentiallyinvolvedintheadaptationtotheintestinalenvironment,whichwerelikely acquiredviahorizontalgenetransfer.Moreover,Blastocystislivinginanaerobicconditionsharborsmitochondria-like organelles.Anincompleteoxidativephosphorylationchain,apartialKrebscycle,aminoacidandfattyacid metabolismsandaniron-sulfurclusterassemblyareallpredictedtooccurintheseorganelles.Predictedsecretory proteinspossessputativeactivitiesthatmayalterhostphysiology,suchasproteases,protease-inhibitors, immunophilinsandglycosyltransferases.Thisparasitealsopossessestheenzymaticmachinerytotolerateoxidative burstsresultingfromitsownmetabolismorinducedbythehostimmunesystem. Conclusions:Thisstudyprovidesinsightsintothegenomearchitectureofthisunusualstramenopile.Italso proposescandidategeneswithwhichtostudythephysiopathologyofthisparasiteandthusmayleadtofurther investigatio

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