Unit 19 lesson 1 语法：名词性从句.pptVIP

主语从句 主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject） 定义： 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和连接副词when, where, how和why等。 用法： 1) 由what等代词引起的主语从句： What the teacher said today was quite right.? 老师今天说的话是十分正确的。 2) 由连词that引起的主语从句： That they are badly in need of help is quite clear. 他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。 但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。 引导词that与what 　what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译成所……的(东西、事情、话等.); that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:　　 What is done cant be undone. (谚语)已成定局,无可挽回. What we cant get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好. That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important. 我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要. That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的. 3) whether/if 引导的主语从句 　if和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语从句常由whether引导.例如: 　　Whether she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家还不得而知. 　　Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定. 　　=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese. 　　但我们不能说If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. 　　 [巩固练习] 　　 _______ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 　A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 4) whatever, whoever也可引导主语从句 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的任何话都应当保密。 Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 无论是谁犯了错误的人都必须改正。 注意: 上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首, 但有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如: 　　It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. / n. +从句 　 It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… 　 It is possible that... 很可能…… 　 It is unlikely that... 不可能…… 2) It +不及物动词+从句 　 It seems/appears that... 似乎…… 　 It happened that... 碰巧…… 　3)