剑桥商务英语2 Unit5 Money and Finance.ppt

Unit 5 Money and Finance Basic economic systems Centrally planned (command) economy Decisions are taken by central authorities (communist countries) Government directs resources towards specific goals. Basic economic systems Free market economy Decisions are taken by individuals, households and firms with no government intervention. Firms seek to maximise profits, consumers seek best value for money, workers seek to maximise earnings, individuals are free to make economic decisions. Basic economic systems Mixed-market economy Decisions are made partly by government partly by natural market forces. Government will intervene in the interest of the economy. Discussion Money often costs too much. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Essayist Loan Find out what information is needed for the application of loan in page 46 Types of loan Secured loan: a loan in which the borrower pledges some asset (e.g. a car or property) as collateral(抵押物) for the loan. Eg: mortgage loan/A guarantor Unsecured loan: monetary loans that are not secured against the borrowers assets. Eg: credit card debt Demand loan: short term loans (typically no more than 180 days) that are atypical in that they do not have fixed dates for repayment and carry a floating interest rate which varies according to the prime rate. They can be called for repayment by the lending institution at any time. Demand loans may be unsecured or secured. Mortgaged property A car / house: mortgage loan Borrowers do not have a clear title over it and cannot sell it without the lenders consent. A guarantor A person, the guarantor, agrees to pay back the debt if the borrower cant or wont. P 51 Turnover 营业额 The profit made after tax 税后利润 The value of the company 公司价值 The cash still available after other investments 投资后的可使用现金 P 51 Gross revenue 总收入 Gross profit 毛利润（主营业务减去业务成本后的利润） Net profit 净利润（毛利润扣除所得税后的利润） Current assets 流动资本 （购买生产原料和劳动力的资本，可分为可变资本和不变资本） Fixed capital 固定资本