第六讲：形容词(组)、副词(组)、比较结构.ppt

* 英语语法 English Grammar 2016 Tasks for Today Adjective and Adjective Phrase (Chapter 23) Adverb and Adverb Phrase (Chapter 24) Comparison and Comparative Construction (Chapter 25) I. Adjective and Adjective Phrase Key issues: Central and Peripheral Adjective Dynamic and Stative Adjective Gradable and Non-gradable Adjective Adjective (phrase ) as modifier in NP 外围形容词 P259 1. Central and Peripheral Adjective 大多数形容词都是既能作名词修饰语(modifier)，又能作主语补语(subject complement)和宾语补语(object complement) ，这种形容词构成本词类的主体，故称“中心形容词”(central adjective)。 外围形容词(peripheral adjective)指少数只能作修饰语或者只能作补语的形容词。 只能作修饰语(modifer)的形容词 下列两类形容词只能作修饰语用，不能作补语用： 1）起强调作用或特指作用的形容词。例如： a mere child a firm friend the only reason total nonsense sheer arrogance the very end a certain winner a particular worker a definite loss the sole argument a true scholar the specific point a complete fool the chief excuse the exact answer the principal objection 只能作修饰语的形容词 2)某些源自名词的形容词。例如： an atomic scientist (=a scientist specializing in atomic science) criminal law (=law concerning crime) a medical school (=a school for students of medicine) a woolen dress (a dress made of wool) 只能作补语的形容词 下列形容词只能做补语，不能做修饰语： 1）某些表示健康状况的形容词，如：well, faint, ill, unwell I’m very well. He’s been ill for a long time. She felt faint. 2)某些以a-开头的形容词，如ablaze,着火的, afire, aflame, afloat, afoot, afraid, agape, aglow, akin, alike, alive, alone, aslant, asleep, astray, awake, aware, away, awash 动态形容词和静态形容词 P260 2. Dynamic and Stative Adjective 就其词汇意义而言，形容词可分为静态形容词 如tall，big，short，small，shallow，deep，ugly，beautiful等)和动态形容词,如witty，patient，generous等)两者有以下区别意义： 动态形容词可与系动词be的进行体搭配作补语，而静态形容词不可。E.g. She is being witty. ※She is being beautiful. 　 (2)动态形容词可用于以动词be开首的祈使句，而静态形容词不可。E.g. Be patient！Be careful! ※Be tall! ※Be small!