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Clustered Transcription Factor Genes Regulate NicotineBiosynthesis in Tobacco AUTHER: Tsubasa Shoji, Masataka Kajikawa, and Takashi Hashimoto Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan 摘要 烟草，在根中合成尼古丁和嘧啶相关的生物碱，叶片受伤经由一个茉莉酸调控的信号级联放大反应使烟碱合成的增加。积极的调节尼古丁的生物合成的NIC调控位点已经在基因水平进行了鉴定，并且其等位突变已经被用来繁殖低水平尼古丁的烟草品种。这里，我们报道的是NIC2位点，原来叫B位点，包括一个乙烯响应因子亚家族的一组聚集的转录因子，在NIC2的突变体中至少七个ERF基因被完全删除。使用转基因烟草的根进行的过表达，抑制和显性阻遏实验表明NIC2位点的ERF基因既冗余又有分歧。这些转录因子识别尼古丁通路基因启动子的以一个GCC-box的元件，以及能特别的激活所有已知的结构基因。The NIC2-locus ERF genes在根中的表达和由jasmonate引起的上调，从动力学角度分析他们的成员之间是截然不同的。因此基因复制事件产生了一群高度同源的转录因子基因，这些基因且具有转录和功能多样性。The NIC2-locus ERFs 和 ORCA3的同源性相近，ORCA3是在长春花属中吲哚生物合成的一个响应茉莉酸甲酯的转录活化子，表明NIC2/ORCA3 ERF亚家族在不同的植物系统独立的茉莉酸诱导的调节次生代谢。 INTRODUCTION 生物碱、天然生物碱倍应用在人生活的各个方面 N. tabacum， Nicotiana sylvestris Nicotiana tomentosiformis Low-nicotine tobacco已被注册，Burley 21 和NC 95(Legg et al., 1970) Burley 21上有两个不相连loci, nic1和nic2 We have previously exploited tobacco nic mutants to discover new enzyme and transporter genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis and transport by screening structural genes that are downregulated in the mutant backgrounds (Hibi et al., 1994; Katoh et al., 2007; Shoji et al., 2009). Downregulation of nicotine biosynthesis genes in the nic mutants has been con?rmed in other studies (Reed and Jelesko, 2004;Cane et al., 2005). These studies suggest collectively that NIC1 and NIC2 are the regulatory loci that speci?cally control the expression of nicotine-related structural genes 问题1：These enzymes are treated in this study as control metabolic enzymes since there is no evidence that they contribute signi?cantly to nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco plants Damage to tobacco leaves by browsing herbivores causes a dramatic increase in de novo nicotine synthesis in roots (Baldwin,1989). This wounding-inducible nicotine biosynthesis is mediated by the jasmonate signaling cascade conserved in plants (Staswick, 2008). When a t