外科简答重点(国外英文资料).docVIP

外科简答重点 In the course of the class, the foreign science short answer key The cause of water dehydration: the acute loss of the digestive fluids, the loss of the external fistula, and the loss of fluid in the infected area or the soft tissue. Clinical manifestations: patient nausea, vomiting, fatigue, low urine, but not thirsty, tongue drying. (2) if the fluid loss amounted to 5% of body weight in the short term, patients appeared fine velocity pulse blood volume deficiency symptom such as (3) fluid reaches 6% ~ 7% of body weight loss, in shock, often with a generation of acid. If the patient is deprived of gastric juice, the patient will have a base. Diagnosis: the blood is concentrated and the urine weight is high according to the history and clinical performance. Treatment: to eliminate the original onset of the disease, the intravenous drip balance salt solution or the wait for the saline solution to test the heart function, the supply day needs to be 2000ml and sodium chloride 4.5 g. 40ml/h, you start filling the potassium. 2. Low permeability water shortage causes: (1) gastrointestinal tract digestive juices persistent lost platoon sodium (2) large wound chronic drainage (3) application diuretic no added sodium salt (4) the permeability of water treatment such as excessive moisture complement. Clinical manifestations: no thirst, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, loss of mind, coma. Mild deficiency of sodium, serum sodium and lt; 135mmol/L, fatigue dizziness, thirst not apparent, urine drop; Moderate lack of sodium, serum sodium and lt; 130mmol/L, nausea and vomiting pulse, low in urine, almost no sodium and chlorine; Severe lack of sodium, serum sodium and lt; 120mmol/L, delirious, spastic pain, shock. The cause of hypokalemia: 1) chronic eating deficiency; 2) use diuretics, such as furthiam; 3) it is less than 4) in the tonic and the stomach and intestines decompress. 5) potassium transfers clinical manifestations to the tissues: 1) muscle weakness,