外科解答题必考(国外英文资料).docVIP

外科解答题必考 The treatment of hyperkalemia? ?? The target treatment for hyperkalemia is to increase the amount of potassium. ? (1) stop filling in potassium or stop importing potassium. ? (2) the first aid measures are to maintain the potential of the cell membrane and reduce the amount of potassium in the whole body. 10ml of calcium gluconate? Is the vein slow, or? 50% glucose 50 ~ 100ml plus regular insulin 10 ~ 20U. (3) reducing the concentration of potassium? It is. NaHCO3 5%? 100 ~ 150ml of vein slow or/and 25%? Glucose 100? Ml? +? Insulin 10 u? Vein slowly push. ?? When necessary, ion-exchange resin reserves enema and oral sodium resin. Cases of severe hyperkalemia and renal failure can be used to reduce the level of potassium in the body with peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. ? What is the etiology and classification of acute kidney failure? ?? Clinically, acute renal failure is divided into three categories: pre-renal, renal and post-renal. 1) pre-renal acute renal failure? The lack of blood capacity and a significant reduction in cardiac pump function resulted in insufficient renal perfusion. The causes of prerenal failure are often included: low blood volume; Reduced effective blood volume; The reduction of blood flow in the heart and the obstruction of the renal vessels. 2) renal acute renal failure after sex refers to the contralateral ureter or isolated kidney ureteral completeness obstruction caused by a sharp drop in kidney function, such as bilateral ureteral calculi, late pelvic tumor oppression ureter. ? Renal acute renal failure is a major form of renal disease caused by a variety of causes. Renal ischemia and poisoning are the major lesions. ?? Describe the treatment principle for burns? ?? Treatment principle of burn: the active prevention of low blood volume shock. Strengthen the creation of surface treatment, and encourage the creation of the surface to heal quickly and reduce? ? What is the difference between dans and hives? (5 points)? Danis