症状学(国外英文资料).docVIP

症状学 The first chapter Common symptoms semeiology * symptoms: can the patient subjective feeling of discomfort, abnormal feeling or pathological change, known as the symptoms, such as headaches, fatigue, much dream, breathing difficulties, etc. * physical signs: the abnormal changes that a physician or other person can objectively inspect are called physical signs, such as heart murmur, lung rhib, rash, liver splenomegaly, etc. semeiology * some abnormal change patients themselves to subjective feeling, the others will check to the objective, so both symptoms and signs, such as difficulty in breathing, fever, etc. * there are many symptoms of disease, the same disease can have different symptoms, and different diseases may have some of the same symptoms. Therefore, in diagnosing the disease, it is necessary to combine clinical data, comprehensive analysis, and not to make the wrong diagnosis based on one or several symptoms. Primary heat * normal in under the control of the temperature regulating center, the produced heat and heat to keep the dynamic balance of the body, make body temperature stability in the normal range, when the body to the original (pyrogen) under the action of heat or a variety of reasons cause dysfunction of the temperature regulating center, temperature is beyond the normal range, called fever (fever). If it is too hot and/or cooling down. * in most cases, fever is the bodys response to disease. Normal body temperature reference value ? Anal temperature is 36.5 ~ 37.7 ℃, ? The mouth temperature (sublingual) in 36.3 ~ 37.2 ℃, the mouth temperature is lower than anal temperature 0.3 ~ 0.5 C, ? The axillary temperature is 36 and 37 ℃. The body temperature is lower in the morning; The afternoon is a little high, but 24h fluctuates No more than l ℃. Childrens body temperature is slightly higher than adults, and the elderly are slightly lower. Women have a slightly higher body temperature a week before their menstrual period, which is higher than n