非谓语讲解版.doc

非谓语动词 一 分类。 TO 表目的.表将来； V.ing 表主动.表进行； V.ed 表被动表完成（已经被） 不及物动词没有被动所以它的Ved 只表示已经。例如; grown 长成的，成熟的，gone 已经走了的，已去的，一去不复返的， hide 不及物动词用法hidden 隐藏的，秘密的，神秘的 fall（vi）fallen 已经落下fallen leaves 落叶 二 做主语 1 Ving 2 to +v原 Seeing is believing To see is to believe Being exposed to the sun for a long time will do harm to our skin . Being punished is an annoying thing 区别：to 表示 个别的，具体的，将来的 Ving 表泛指 To be a pilot is my dream .=My dream is to be a pilot . Reading in bed is bad for our eyes 三 状语 1 Seeing the children’s happy faces, I am happy .// They won the game , making us excited. 2 Published by the teacher, I am upset // Jim’s new house is like a huge palace , compared with his old one 3 Not knowing what to do next , he went to his teacher for help . ★有明显的时间上的先后顺序或强烈的因果关系 having done 主动；having been done 被动 1 Having finished my homework , I went out to play . 2 Having been separated from other countries for many years ,Australia has different kinds of birds . 3 Not having finished my homework , I don’t want to go out to play . ★To have done / to have been done 不定式的完成形式表示动作发生在过去，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 1 I am sorry to have kept you waiting . 2 She is proud to have taken part in the 29 th Olympic Games 3 He is said to have been sentenced to death ★1 Being repaired , the left side of the road is closed . 2 The bridge is being built (句子) ★ Ving表自然而然的结果， To 表示出乎意料的结果 不乐观的结果 It rained heavily in the south , causing serious flood in several provinces . I hurried to the station , only to find the train had gone . only to be told the train had gone . He lifted a stone , only to drop it on his own foot . I lost my phone , never to be found . 四 To 做目的状语， 主句前有逗号， 主句后无逗号 To make more money , he works hard . He works hard to make more money . 五 Ving 形式的复合结构（带名词所有格） Do you mind my /me opening the window