GPS广播星历与历书精度比较.pdf

GPS 广播星历与历书的精度比较 1 1 ,2 周善石 , 王解先 ( 1 同济大学测量与国土信息系 , 上海 　200092 ; 2 现代工程测量国家测绘局重点实验室 , 上海 　200092) 摘要 : GPS 接收机接收到广播星历与历书两种导航信息 , 广播星历包含基本轨道参数及摄动改正量 , 由其确定的卫星位置精度高 , 可用于定位计算 。历书仅提供基本轨道参数 , 精度低 , 可用于接收机 快速捕捉卫星和预报 。文章利用实际的广播星历和历书数据 , 进行轨道计算 , 并与 IGS 提供的精密 星历进行了比较 , 结果表明广播星历在有效期内算得卫星位置的精度为米级 , 推算 12 小时后 , 精 度迅速降至几百米 , 而使用历书算得卫星坐标 , 一天内的精度为 1～2km 里 , 推算 6 天其精度仍在 2km 以内, 推算 10 天也可保持公里级精度 。 关键词 : 广播星历 , 历书 中图分类号 : P2284 文献标识码 : B Abstract : GPS receiver can receive two kinds of ephemeris , i . e . broadcast ephemeris and almanac . The former , including basic Doppler parameters and disturbance errors , can determine the satellite position in high precision , therefore , it can be used for realtime positioning. While the latter only contains basic Doppler parameters and the precision of position determination is rather lower . Generally , almanac is used for GPS receiver to track satellite signal and for the ephemeris forecast . In this paper , the both have been used to calculate satellite position in different time spans. Analysis shows that compared with precise ephemeris provided by IGS ( Intemational GPS Service) , the position precision solved by broadcast ephemeris is several meters in the following 2 hours since the reference epoch , and it reaches 300 meters after 12 hours. As for almanac , the precision is better than 2km , which can last for ten days. Key words : ephemeris ; almanac 0 　引言 1 　由广播星历和历书计算卫星位置 GPS 接收机能收到广播星历和历书两种卫星轨