免耕覆盖对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响.pdfVIP

~比 t-~-J ø且 2013 ， 22(6) :67-72 Acta Agγicultuγαe Boreali-occidentalis Sinica 免耕覆盖对王米产量及土壤肥力的影响 张 萌I ，李立科1 ，郝明德1 ， 2 (].两北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100; 2. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100) 摘 要 在lO a 玉米连作的基础上，研究免耕覆盖和传统耕作对玉米产量和养分吸收的影响及土壤养分的 变化。结果表明:免耕覆盖可以增产 1 012.5 kg/hm ，增产率为 17.6% 。免耕覆盖可以减少玉米根部和茎叶 对氮素的吸收，从而增加玉米籽粒中氮素含量g 同时可以促进茎叶中的饵元素向籽粒和根部转移。免耕覆盖 土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮含量比传统种植分别增加 38.7% 、 22.8% 、 67% 、 4 1. 6% ，速效饵增幅较小，为 3.0% ，速效磷含量则表现为传统耕作比免耕覆盖高出1. 20 mg/kg。在免耕覆盖和传统耕作下，土壤硝态氮 含量随土层深度的增加，均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，并且不同层次之间差异显著;免耕覆盖在 110 cm 左右 出现最大累积峰，而传统耕作最大累积峰出现在 60 cm 左右。 关键词 免耕覆盖;玉米产量;土壤养分 中图分类号 S158.5 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1004-1389(2013)06-0067-06 Effect of No-tillage with Straw Cover on Corn Yield and Soil Fertility ZHANG Meng l • LI Like l and HAO Mingde l, 2 (]. College of :-.J atural Resources and Environment , Northwest A.F University , Yangling Shaanxi 712100 , China; 2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation , Northwest A.F University , Yangling Shaanxi 712100 , China) Abstract This research is based on the 10-years continuous cropping of maize to study the changes of corn yield and soil nutrients under different tillage measures. The results showed no-tillage with straw 2 cover can yield 1 012.5 kg/hm , and the increasing rate was 17.6%. No-tillage with straw cover can reduce the uptake of nitrogen into corn roots and cauline leaves , and increase the content of nitrogen in corn seeds; in the meantime , can promote the transference of potassium from cauline leaves to roots and seeds. Compared to traditional cultivation , the soil organic matter of no-tillage with straw cover increased by 38. 7 %. total nitrogen incr