肋膜和纵隔(国外英文资料).docVIP

胸膜和纵隔(国外英文资料) pleural (1) the pleural membrane of the pleura is the serous membrane covering the inner surface of the thoracic and the surface of the lung. The visceral pleura is covered in the surface of the lung, tightly bound by the lungs, and extends into the lungs. The parietal pleura is covered in the inner surface of the thoracic. The lining of the pleura of the two layers of the lining of the lungs and the lining of the lungs and the walls of the lungs, each of which is enclosed in a completely closed pleural cavity, each of which does not communicate with each other. The normal pleural cavity is a negative pressure, with a small amount of serous fluid, which reduces the friction of the two pleural membranes in the breath. [here] (2) the parts of the parietal pleura are divided into four parts: the pleura, the costal pleura, the diaphragm and the mediastinal pleura. The top of the pleura is protruding from the upper part of the thoracic, above the medial segment of the clavicle, and is above the tip of the lung. The costal pleura is covered in the inner surface of the thoracic, with the intercostal and intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is covered in the diaphragm and is tightly linked to the diaphragm. The mediastinal pleura is covered by the mediastinum. (3) the lowest point of the pleural cavity The lowest part of the pleura cavity is the mediastinal crypt. Rib diaphragmatic crypt (rib diaphragmatic sinus) is formed in the costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura turning point of the larger gap, around each one, pleural inflammatory exudate often accumulation, so it for clinical pleural cavity puncture or drainage area. The surface projection of the pleura and the lung The surface projection of the lung The surface projection of the apex of the lung is 2 ~ 3cm above the medial segment of the clavicle. The body surface of the lower margin of the lung is approximately the same as the two lungs. It intersects the sixth rib in the middle of the clavicle; It in