2好好好定语从句.pptVIP

* 语法知识 定语从句 Grammar 一、概念 定语从句 在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出 。 关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有： when, where, why等。 二、用法 1、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who(主格), whom（宾格）, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： a) 他就是 我昨天见到的 那个人。 ①He is the man. ②I saw him yesterday. He is the man whom I saw yesterday. b) 你认识 站在那边的 那个人吗？ ①Do you know the man? ②He is standing over there. Do you know the man who is standing over there? （ ） （ ） 2）whose 用来指人或物。 例如： a) 小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最好的学生。 （ ） ①Xiao Ming is the best student in our class. ②His father is an engineer. Xiao Ming whose father is an engineer is the best student in our class. 注意：定语从句应紧跟在先行词的后面（即定语从句所修饰的词） 3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 例如 ： a) 这是 我们去年参观的 工厂。 （ ） ①This is the factory. ②We visited it last year. This is the factory which / that we visited last year. 可以省略 说明：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 b) 这是 去年建造的 工厂。 （ ） ①This is the factory. ②It was built last year. This is the factory which / that was built last year. 不可以省略 2、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 　 1）关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于 “介词+ which” 结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如： a) 我仍然记得 我参军的 那一天。 （ ） ①I still remember the day. ②On that day I joined the army. I still remember the day when I joined the army. 或 I still remember the day on which I joined the army. b) 这就是 我们去年住的 房屋。 （ ） ①This is the house. ②We lived in it last year. This is the house where we lived last year. 或 This is the house in which we lived last year. 或 This is the house which we lived in last year. c) 你知道 他迟到的 原因吗？ （ ） ①Do you know the reason? ②He was late for that reason. Do you know the reason why he was late? 或 Do you know the reason for w