如何计算样本量.docVIP

（分享）样本量的计算方法 前面小弟已经发了一个帖子，就是关于我导师收藏的一个运动营养网站，这是一个个人网站，里面关于统计的部分非常详细和丰富！看到重视的人不是很多，很是遗憾，这个网站真的是不错！给张网站的截图，点击图中标识的statistics，就会发现很多关于统计的知识，非常详细！看到版中经常有战友问关于样本量大小如何确定的问题。样本量的涉及要根据你的实验设计来确定的。在这儿小弟就关于样本量如何计算的部分贴出来供大家参考。请各位战友根据自己的实验设计，来选择合适的样本量计算的方法，呵呵不过所有都是英语的，估计大家英语水平，也难不到大家，呵呵WHAT DETERMINES SAMPLE SIZE?The traditional approach to estimation of sample size is based on statistical significance of your outcome measure. You have to specify the smallest effect you want to detect, the Type I and Type II error rates, and the design of the study. I present here new formulae for the resulting estimates of sample size. I also include new ways to adjust for validity and reliability, and I finish with sample sizes required for several complex cross-sectional designs.?I also advocate a new approach to sample-size estimation based on width of the confidence interval of your outcome measure. In this new approach, your concern is with the precision of your estimate of the effect, not with the statistical significance of the effect. The formulae on these pages still apply, but you halve the sample sizes.The Smallest Effect Worth DetectingIve already spent a whole page on magnitudes of effects. You should go back and make sure you understand it before proceeding. Or take a risk and read on!?Lets look at a simple example of the smallest effect worth detecting. Your research project includes the question of differences in height of adults in two regions. This sounds like a trivial project, but hey, the difference might be caused by a nutritional deficit, environmental toxin, level of physical activity, or whatever. OK, what difference in height would you consider to be the smallest difference worth noticing or commenting on? Almost everyone reading this paragraph will automatically start thinking either in inches or centimeters. So whats your choice? An inch, or 2.5 cm? Sounds like a nice round figure! Lets go with it for now.To use my approach to sample-size estimatio