小儿血小板减少性紫癜的护理(国外英文资料).docVIP

小儿血小板减少性紫癜的护理(国外英文资料) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura An overview of the hemorrhagic disease Blood platelets, plasma in a variety of blood coagulation and anticoagulation factor and the integrity of capillaries, either an exception occurs, all can cause clinical bleeding tendency. Blood coagulation principle The occurrence of hemorrhagic disease is mainly due to the decrease of normal haemostatic function. After the injury, the blood vessels in the area, especially the capillaries, immediately have a temporary reflexes. For 15 to 30 seconds, the blood stops or slows down. At this point, subcutaneous bleeding from vascular endothelial injury and exposure tube of collagen fibers, platelet aggregation in blood vessel wound, white thrombus formation, have the effect of mechanical plugging the wound, on the other hand as the platelet agglutination, platelets release of blood coagulation factor and tissue coagulation live enzymes and plasma clotting factor of a series of reaction. A blood clot is formed at the wound, and then the blood clots are narrowed by the clotting of the thrombin, which makes the wall of the injured blood vessel more close to the wall and stop the bleeding. The clotting process takes three steps: 1) the active clotting enzyme produces 2) coagulase to produce 3) fibrinogenesis Classification of hemorrhagic diseases Vascular factors: allergic purpura, mechanical purpura (cough, cry, squeeze, hypertension, etc.) The number of platelets was reduced: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, secondary thrombocytopenic purpura, and aplastic anemia Dysfunction: liver disease, kidney failure, etc 4, clotting factor and thrombin progenation barrier: hemophilia check Platelet count Normal (150 ~ 400) x109 / L (15 ~ 400000 cells/MM3), platelet below 100 x109 / L called thrombocytopenia, platelets above 50 x109 / L, the hemostatic mechanism can be normal, less than 50 x109 / L may have spontaneous bleeding. Less than 20x109 / L is obviously bleeding. Below 10 x