催化剂课件英文版.ppt

Catalysis  Sifeng Bi Origin of catalysis 1. Berzelius introduced the term of catalyst in 1836. 2. Tremendous advances in catalytic processing were made at the beginning of the 20th century. 3. Langmuir established the modeling of quantitative kinetics of reactions occuring on catalytic surface between 1915 and 1920, which provided a relationship between adsorbed species and measurable experimental parameter. Knowledge for catalysis Catalyst Preparation Solid State Chemistry Surface and Colloidal Chemistry Materials Science inorganic Chemistry Organometallic Chemistry Polymer Chemistry Interdiscilpinary field Knowledge for catalysis Catalyst Characterization Interdisciplinary field Physical Properties Chemical Properties Crystal structure Surface morphology Chemical compositions on the surface and in the bulk Oxidation state distribution of elements Particle size and pore size distribution Specific surface areas Catalytic Activity Conversion Selectivity Yield Reaction rate Turnover frequency Knowledge for catalysis Catalytic Reaction Mechanism Catalytically active centers or sites Activation pathways for reactants Adsorption species Elementary reaction steps Activation energy Catalytic reaction kinetic equation interdisciplinary field Annotation of definition Definition IUPAC, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1976 a. A small amount of foreign material(catalyst) increases the rate of the chemical reaction without itself being consumed. b.The catalyst can provide some elementary steps linking the reactants to the products. c. Above process will not present without the catalyst. d. Catalyst increases the rate by lead chem