高中英语模块7第一单元语法和用法.pptVIP

She apologized to me again. The accident happened yesterday evening. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。 及物动词(vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。 1. “主＋谓＋宾”结构。如： He reached Paris the day before yesterday. 2. “主＋谓＋双宾”结构。如: Please hand me the book over there. The direct object is usually a noun most clearly affected or acted upon by the action of a transitive verb. The indirect object is usually a noun or a pronoun that refers to the recipient. 3. “主＋谓＋宾＋宾补”结构。如: They asked me to go fishing with them. 不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能 直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要 跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。 如：look (看) 即不能直接加宾语 Look! She is singing.　　　　 Look carefully! Look at me carefully! 不及物动词后面不跟宾语，只能用 “主＋谓”结构。如： 　This is the room where I once lived. 类似的还有： agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, fail, succeed... 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动 词，其意义不变。 如begin 都是作“开始”讲。 Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的还有： start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve... 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动 词，其意义完全不同。 lift作不及物动词时指烟雾的“消散”。 We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是“升高；举起”。 He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有： beat　 vi. 跳动 vt. 敲、打;　 grow vi. 生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅 ring　 vi.（电话、铃）响 vt.打电话　 speak vi.讲话　vt. 说（语言）　　 hang　 vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死　 operate vi.动手术　vt. 操作 需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语。 如：I dreamed a dream last night. 我昨晚做了个梦。 deal a problem deal with a problem 处理问题　　 depend sb. depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人　　 insist doing sth. insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题　　 误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人　　 误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 knock the door knock on [at] the door 敲门 operate sb. operate on sb. 为某人做手术 participate sth. participate in sth. 参加