PRT英文阅读材料.pdfVIP

1.2.3 Perception-Reaction Time The second critical driver characteristic is perception-reaction time (PRT). During perception and reaction, there are four distinct processes that the driver must perform [4]: • Detection. In this phase, an object or condition of concern enters the drivers field of vision, and the driver becomes consciously aware that something requiring a response is present. • Identification. In this phase, the driver acquires sufficient information concerning the object or condition to allow the consideration of an appropriate response. • Decision. Once identification of the object or condition is sufficiently completed, the driver must analyze the information and make a decision about how to respond. • Response. After a decision has been reached, the response is now physically implemented by the driver. The total amount of time that this process takes is called the perception-reaction time (PRT). In some of the literature, the four phases are referred to as perception, identification, emotion, and volition, leading to the term PIEV time. This text will use PRT, but the reader should understand that this is equivalent to PIEV time. Design Values Like all human characteristics, perception-reaction times vary widely amongst drivers, as do a variety of other factors, including the type and complexity of the event perceived and the environmental conditions at the time of the response. Nevertheless, design values for various applications must be selected. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) mandates the use of 2.5 seconds for most computations involving braking reactions [5], based upon a number of research studies [6-9]. This value is believed to be approximately a 90