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Bull Earthquake Eng (2009) 7:719–736 DOI 10.1007/s10518-009-9116-7 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Experimental p-y loops for estimating seismic soil-pile interaction Emmanouil Rovithis · Emmanouil Kirtas · Kyriazis Pitilakis Received: 17 April 2008 / Accepted: 7 April 2009 / Published online: 26 April 2009 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Seismic soil-pile interaction is evaluated in this study based on back-calculated p-y loops constructed from sampled data of pile bending moments. Fundamental properties of p-y loops are implemented to derive distributed springs and dashpots, thereby quantify- ing soil-pile interaction in the realm of a Beam on Dynamic Winkler Foundation modeling. The procedure is validated by means of well-documented centrifuge tests of a single pile supported structure founded on a two-layer soil profile that comprises of soft clay overly- ing dense sand. Two shaking levels of a real earthquake motion applied at the base of the soil profile were examined and the generated seismic p-y loops were compared to cyclic p-y curves commonly used in pile design practice. The results demonstrate the strong influence of intensity of the input motion on seismic p-y loops while cyclic p-y curves established for soft clays tend to overestimate soil stiffness under strong excitation. Typical sets of recorded and computed structural response are presented, denoting the ability of the BDWF model related to p-y loops in reproducing adequately fundamental aspects of seismic soil-pile interaction. Keywords Soil-pile-structure interaction · p-y loops · Centrifuge · Seismic response · Winkler model 1 Introduction Design of piles against earthquake induced horizontal loads needs consideration of the inter- action that takes place between pile and soil. Towards a computationally convenient analysis E. Rovithis ( ) · E. Kirtas · K. Pitilakis B Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle Un