光照强度、颜色与温度对狼蛛捕食功能影响.docVIP

光照强度、颜色和温度对狼蛛捕食功能的影响 　　摘 要 为探究狼蛛（Tarantula）捕食猎物受到哪些因素的影响及对狼蛛捕食最有利的环境因素的优化组合，以狼蛛为实验对象，假眼小绿叶蝉（Empoasca flavescens）为狼蛛捕食的猎物，在实验室条件下，采用控制变量法和L9 （33）正交试验法，改变光照强度、光照颜色和环境温度，计算不同条件下狼蛛的捕食率，确定对狼蛛捕食影响大的因素，最后通过三因素三水平正交试验分析，筛选出最利于狼蛛捕食猎物的环境因素.结果发现狼蛛捕食猎物均受到以上三种因素的显著影响，而且温度对狼蛛的捕食率影响最显著，其次是光照颜色、光照强度.捕食环境最佳优化组合为：光照强度为15 lx，环境颜色为绿色，环境温度为24 ℃的情况下，狼蛛的成功捕食率最高.本实验结果为人们利用狼蛛更加高效地消灭害虫提供了参考. 关键词 狼蛛；光照强度；光照颜色；温度；捕食率；正交试验；叶蝉 中图分类号 Q959226 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1000-2537（2016）03-0022-06 Abstract In order to explore on which factors will affect the predation of wolf spider and what the most advantageous combination of environmental factors will benefit the wolf spider prey， this article choose wolf spider as the experimental object and leafhopper as the prey. By using the control variable method orthogonal experiment method through laboratory conditions， we change the light intensity， color and temperature， and then calculate the wolf spider predation rate in different conditions and determine which factors have a large impact on predation rate. In the end， we filtrate the most favorable environmental factors through three factors and three levels orthogonal experiment analysis. The experimental results show that the wolf spider predation rate was significantly affected by the above three factors. Temperature has the most significant influence on the predation， followed by color and light intensity. After the analysis of the three factors and three levels of orthogonal experiments， we obtained the best combination： When the light intensity is 15 lx， the environment color is red and the environment temperature is 24 ℃， the predation rate is the highest. The results of this experiment can offer people with important information about how to make good use of wolf spider to destroy insect pests efficiently. Key words Tarantula； light intensity； light color； temperature； predation rate； orthogonal experiment； Empoasca flavescens 生态环境中光照强度、光照颜色和环境温度都是影响动物捕食猎物与繁殖的重要因素[1]，现阶段对蜘蛛与环境之间的关系研究甚少.本文通过研究