日本社会保障制度中残疾人概念简析.pdfVIP

Observation and Viewpoints / 观察视界/ 日本社会保障制度中 残疾人概念简析 ■出和晓子 【摘要】 日本对“残疾人”内涵的理解既借鉴和遵从了国际社会通行的理念，例如联合国通过的《残 疾人权利宣言》等国际规则，同时也有其独特的理解，并通过制定《残疾人基本法》和其他配套法律， 将一般意义上的残疾人范围进行了扩展。这一立法上的变化是日本受到了“回归常态化”理念的影 响，日本政府改变了以往由行政机关提供社会福祉服务的方式，引进了由援助对象自行选择服务， 并与提供服务的机构直接订立契约的新型制度。本文主要对日本有关残疾人概念的界定及其演变进 行概括性介绍，包括以下内容，日本对社会保障、残疾人等概念的界定 ；现行制度下的残疾人基本 类型与残疾人基本状况 ；有关残疾人制度理念的变化。 【关键词】 日本 ；残疾人 ；社会保障制度 ；回归常态化 Analysis on the Concept of Disabled Person in Japanese Social Security System Akiko Dewa 【 】In Japanese sociological study and social security system, the general understanding Abstract about the connotation of “disabled person” is used as a reference from the common idea of international society, such as international rules of Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which were adopted by the United Nations. Meanwhile, some unique understandings are added in Japan. The range of a disabled person in a general meaning was expanded through the establishment of The basic Act for people with disabilities and other corresponding laws. Such legislative changes are considered to have been affected by the idea of “normalization”. The Japanese government has changed the social welfare services provided by the executive authorities in the past, and has begun to introduce a new type system which supports the candidates to choose services by themselves and signs contracts with service providing organizations directly. This paper mainly introduced the definition of “disabled person” and its changing in Japan; the content mainly the definition of the concept of social security and disabled person in Japan; disabled people’s basic types and basic situation under the current legal system; the changing of id