各种商务英语集锦.docVIP

Unit 8 The Stock Market A company can raise money on the stock market（股票市场） or stock exchange（证券交易所） ( a market place for buying and selling shares) in two different ways. It can issue shares（发行股票） (US stocks), or units of its capital, to institutional investors or the general public. Different types of shares or equities（普通股，优先股） are available, but the most common are known as ordinary or common shares（普通股） (US common stock). When an investor buys a share, using the services of a specialist company or broker（经纪人）, he or she becomes a shareholder（股东） (US stockholder) and owns a part of (or has a stake（股份） in) a company. Shareholders can make money by receiving dividends（股息，红利）, paid as a proportion of a company’s annual profits, and when the value of their shares increases. A company can also borrow money from investors by issuing bonds（债券）, loans for fixed periods with fixed interest rates. Securities（有价证券） refers to both shares and bonds. Each year billions of shares and bonds are sold or traded on the world’s major stock exchanges. Unit 9 Import/Export International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Depending on what a country produces and needs, it can export (send goods to another country) and import (bring in goods from another country). Government can control international trade. The most common measures are tariffs（关税） (or duties) and quotas（配额）. A tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time. These measures are protectionist（贸易保护论者） as they raise the price of imported goods to “protect” domestically produced goods. International organizations such as WTO (World Trade Organization) and EFTA (European Free Trade Association) regulate tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries. The invoice In the context of international trade, the invoice provides information about goods exchanged between the