-翻译的定义.docVIP

翻译的定义 (11级英语笔译 张骁整理版) 一.通俗的定义 1.把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。 （ 《辞海》 ） 2.?n. (1). the act or an instance of translating. (2). a written or spoken expresstion of the meaning of a word, speech, book, etc. in another language. ------ (The Concise?Oxford?English Dictionary) 3. An incredibly broad notion which can be understood in many different ways. For example, one may talk of translation as a?process?or a?product, and identify such sub-types as literary translation, technical translation,?subtitling?and?machine translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers to the transfer of written texts, the term sometimes also includes?interpreting. ------ (Dictionary of Translation Studies, Shuttleworth and Cowie 1997:181) 4. Translation is the communication of the meaning?of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. Whereas interpreting undoubtedly antedates writing, translation began only after the appearance of written literature. ------ From Wikipedia,?the?free encyclopedia 二．文艺学角度的定义 文学翻译是“传达作者的全部意图即通过艺术手法 影响读者的思想、感情。文学的翻译是用另一种语言，把原作的艺术意境传达出来，使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受“an exact art.” -----------George Steiner, 2001.After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press 三．语言学角度的定义 1.卡特弗德:翻译是把一种语言（源语）的文本材料替 成另一种语（目标语中对等的文本材料。 2. 巴尔胡达罗夫：翻译是把一种语言的言语产物（即 话语）在保持内容方面也就是意义不变的情况下改变 为另外一种语言的言语产物（区分语言（Langue）和 言语（parole））。 3. 费道罗夫：翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内 容和形式不可分割的统一中所业已表达出来的东西准 确而完全地表达出来。 . 奈达：从语义到风格在译语中用最贴近的自然对等语再现源语信息。“deverbalizing” and “reverbalizin”; it leads from an SLT to a TLT which is as close an equivalent as possible and presupposes an understanding of the content an d style of the original. Translation, according to this definition, is a process which can be subdivided within itself. It comprises two main phases, a phase of semasiological understanding (语义理解过程), during which the translatior analyzes the SLT for intended meaning and styl