2010年诺贝尔化学奖获得者及其主要贡献.docVIP

2010年诺贝尔化学奖获得者及其主要贡献 美国化学家RichardF.Heck 日本科学家根岸荣一和铃木章 贡献 ① Heck Reaction The palladium-catalyzed C-C coupling between aryl halides or vinyl halides and activated alkenes in the presence of a base is referred as the Heck Reaction. Recent developments in the catalysts and reaction conditions have resulted in a much broader range of donors and acceptors being amenable to the Heck Reaction. One of the benefits of the Heck Reaction is its outstanding trans selectivity. 机理 最近文献 An Efficient and General Method for the Heck and Buchwald-Hartwig Coupling Reactions of Aryl ChloridesD.-H. Lee, A. Taher, S. Hossain, M.-J. Jin, Org. Lett., 2011, 13, 5540-5543. Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Aryl Chlorides under Mild Conditions Promoted by Organic Ionic BasesH.-J. Xu, Y.-Q. Zhao, X.-F. Zhou, J. Org. Chem., 2011, 76, 8036-8041. Efficient Aqueous-Phase Heck Reaction Catalyzed by a Robust Hydrophilic Pyridine-Bridged Bisbenzimidazolylidene-Palladium Pincer ComplexZ. Wang, X. Feng, W. Fang, T. Tu, Synlett, 2011, 951-954. An efficient and simple protocol for phosphine-free Heck reactions in water in the presence of a Pd(L-proline)2 complex as the catalyst under controlled microwave irradiation conditions is versatile and provides excellent yields of products in short reaction times. The reaction system minimizes costs, operational hazards and environmental pollution.B. K. Allam, K. N. Singh, Synthesis, 2011, 1125-1131. ② Suzuki Coupling The scheme above shows the first published Suzuki Coupling, which is the palladium-catalysed cross coupling between organoboronic acid and halides. Recent catalyst and methods developments have broadened the possible applications enormously, so that the scope of the reaction partners is not restricted to aryls, but includes alkyls, alkenyls and alkynyls. Potassium trifluoroborates and organoboranes or boronate esters may be used in place of boronic acids. Some pseudohalides (for example triflates) may also be used as coupling partners. 机理