英语词汇学引论(笔记) chapter 1.docVIP

Chapter 1 Language, Linguistics and Lexicology Linguistics Definition Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Scientific study method ①observe ②hypothesis ③classify ④test conclude Features of scientific study ①exhaustiveness ②consistency ③economy ④objectivity Language Definition Language is a system of arbitrary, vocal symbols by means of which the members of a speech community communicate, interact and transmit their culture. Functions ·interrogative ·expressive ·informative ·evocative ·directive ·performative ·phatic Information transmission Semantic encoding ↓ Grammatical encoding ↓ Phonetic phonological encoding (pitch, loudness, length, quality) ↓ Sending ↓ Transmission Origins of the calendar Babylonian→Egyptian→Greek→(750 BC)Old Roman Months ·750 BC March Mars April Goddess of love May Goddess of spring June God of marriage ※Quintillis Five ※Sextillis Six September Seven October Eight November Nine December Ten ·500 BC January ‘door’ February ‘festival’ ·46 BC Quintillis→July Julius Caesar Sextillis→August Augustus Caesar Days Sunday God of Sun (Babylonian) Monday God of Moon (Norse) Tuesday Chief of all gods (Nor.) Wednesday God of commerce (Nor.) Thursday God of Thunder (Nor.) Friday God of Love (Nor.) Saturday God of Harvest (Bab.) Lexicology Basic terms and definitions word (OE): talk, speak vocabulary (MLat): ①all words in a certain realm ②words in specific context lexicon (lexis): words in a special language lexicology: origins + development + meanings of words English