2013高考英语一轮复习 被动语态综合复习.pptVIP

* * 被动语态的构成 ： Forms of The Passive Voice 概念： (conception): 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态。如果主语是动作的承受者，使用被动语态。 Example: Many people speak English .(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.(被动语态) 构成：被动语态的句子是以be+Ved 的形式来表达，如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接by~,译为“被(由)……” 句型: 1.肯定句：主语+be+Ved+(by~) 2.否定句：主语+be+过去分词+(by~) 3.一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by~)? 4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by~)? 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。 被动语态的十种时态： 1.现在 am (is,are)done ; am (is,are)being done; has (have)been done 2.过去was (were)done ; was (were) being done; had been done 3.将来 shall be done ; shall have been done 4.过去将来should be done should have been done 一般现在时： History is made by the people . 一般过去时： These new cars were made in Tianjing in 1994. 一般将来时： Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture . 现在进行时： A new railway is being built. 过去进行时： The roads were building widened. 现在完成时： He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 过去完成时： A new hotel had been built when I got there. 过去将来时： He said a new hotel would be built in two months. 被动语态的否定句和疑问句： 1.否定句 凡是有动词的句子，其否定句都是在be 动词的后面加not,被动语态也不例外 Examples: ★This song is not liked by young people. ★ Rome was not built in a day. 疑问句：把Be 动词放在句首，就构成了被动语态的一般疑问句；而疑问词+一般疑问句就构成了被动语态的特殊疑问句了 Examples : ★Is Chinese used only in China? ★ Were these computers made in the U.S.A? Yes,they were . No,they weren’t. ★ What language is spoken in China? Chinese. ★ What was it made of ? It was made of bamboo. 将主动语态变为被动语态： 1.把原句中的宾语变为主语 2.动词改为被动形式，即be +过去分词 3.原来的主语，如果需要的话放在by 后面以指明做事的人或物。如果没必要，可以省略。 变换方法 主动句：The hunter killed a tiger. 被动句：A tiger was killed by the hunter. 步骤1：以主动句的宾语为主语 步骤2：将动词改为“be+过去分词”的被动语态构成。Be 要随新的主语变化，同时时态不变 步骤3：将主动语态的主语改为by…形式放在句尾，如果是代词，则由主格改为宾格 Examples : They visited the city two years ago . The city was visited by them two years ago. They don’t use the room. The room is not used by them. He will repair the desk. The desk will be repaired by him. Did Tom use it? Was it used by Tom? Where did