高考复习动词的时态与语态.pptVIP

2. 特殊结构的被动形式 (1) 双宾动词的被动结构 双宾动词变为被动结构时, 一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 直接宾语不变。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。 (2) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。 (3) 带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词 +be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。 e.g. The problem may be solved in a number of different ways. In our school, library books must be returned in two weeks. (4)“be＋过去分词＋不定式”式的被动结构 e.g. He is reported to have broken a world record. She is said to know three languages. (5) “it＋be＋过去分词＋从句”式的被动结构 e.g. It’s said that she has some supernatural powers. It’s reported that they have discovered a new star. 常见的结构还有： It is known that...众所周知 It is suggested that...有人建议 It is believed that...人们相信 (6) “get＋done”构成被动语态 此种形式用来表示状态或情况, 常考的形式如下： get married 结婚；get engaged 订婚； get hurt/wounded 受伤；get lost 迷路； get drunk 喝醉了； get caught/stuck/trapped 被困； get dressed 穿好衣服； get run over 被(车)轧等。 3. 主动形式表示被动意义 ★一些感官动词，如feel, sound, smell, look, taste等用作系动词时。如： It tastes strongly of mint. ★说明主语的性质、特点的动词，如read, write, cut, sell, wash, wear, lock等，其主语往 往是物。如： The pen he bought yesterday writes smoothly. ★在“be +形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式与句 子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时。用于此结 构的形容词常见的有：difficult, hard, easy, light, heavy, expensive, cheap, pleasant, interesting, fit, comfortable等。如： The man is very easy to get along with. ★当want, need, require表示“需要”时，其宾语 用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。 如： The house his grandmother lives in needs repairing. ★在be (well) worth doing, be to blame中。如： The book he borrowed from the library yesterday is well worth reading. ★在have, find, lend, give等动词后的宾语有不 定式作定语，不定式与宾语是逻辑上的动宾 关系，但是在句子中又有不定式动作的执行 者时。如： He has found nothing to eat since he left home and came into the forest. 4. 不能用于被动语态的情况 ★谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit, lack等。 ★谓语是不可拆开的take place, consist of, lose heart, belong to等短语动词。 ★