被动语态的构成和用法(一对一).doc

被动语态的构成与用法 　　主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 　1.一般现在时 isam/are+P.P. 　2.一般过去时 waswere+P.P. 　3.一般将来时 will be+P.P 　4.现在进行时 isam/are+being(固定不变)+P.P 　5.过去进行时 waswere+being(固定不变)+P.P 　6.现在完成时 havehas been+P.P. 　7.过去完成时 had been+P.P 【口诀注释】 ①“一般现、过用be +V.，be有人称、时、数变 即be +V.P.P.格式,be动词有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。 　一般现、过用be, be有人称、时、数变 主动The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 　　主动People regard him as brilliant. 　　被动He is regarded as brilliant by people. 　　以上两例都是一般时态用be的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以be+V.P.P.”就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的be+V.P.P.”就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。 This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态) 　 Two people were killed and twelve were injured. 　A note was passed up to the speaker. 　 　完成时态have，被动将been加中间 　　(过去完成时had也包括在内)。 主动We have studied English for 3 years and on at the spare-time school. 被动English has been studied for 3 years by us and on at the spare-time school.　　 主动They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. 　　被动100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year. 　一般将来shall (will)，被动变为be 　　即由shall或will变为shall 或will be。 主动We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 　　被动Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year. 　　(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.) 　　 主动I shall send my second boy to school next September. 　　被动My second boy will be sent to school next September. 　 　　被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。 　　 主动The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future. 　　被动More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. 　　 More peaceful uses will be found for unclear explosives in the future.　　 More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. e true