英语语言学Chapter1Introduction.pptVIP

strut: someone who struts walks in a proud way with their head held high and their chest out, as if they are very important. 一个人的语言库总会存在着不同语言的变体形式。人们根据交际目的，交际场合、交际对象等不同以选择不同的形式从而达到不同的社会效果。 I prefer to work with people who do think I am import artist. ( Tues. 21 June 1994) 2）( A male performing artist on BBC Radio 4’s Today Program) 3） (New York times Service in the International Herald Tribune) (Suzanne Cassidy: 25 Mar.1992) It is great shame. We are all fired, oh dear! 3. 字典对何谓标准英语使用也没有统一的判别标准： 在Collins English Dictionary中，对 “they”的第三条定义是： they: not standard, refers to an indefinite antecedent such as one, whoever, or anybody，例如： If anybody objects, they can go. their: belonging to or associated in some way with an indefinite antecedent such as one, whoever, or anybody，例如： 对“their”的第三条定义是： Everyone should bring their own lunch. 该字典对 “their”的定义更是耐人寻味。在对 “their”的注释中，字典编撰人员承认 “their”作为单数无标记物主代词已有至少五个世纪的历史，且在非正式场合下广为使用，但是仍然认为 “their”的这种单数无标记使用有时在正式语境中不可接受。稍有推理能力的人就会发现既然这种单数无标记使用有时在正式语境中不可接受，这就意味着这种用法有时在正式语境中也是可以接受的。 由Henry Bosley Woolf主编的Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary (1977)给 “they” 和“their”的部分定义如下： they: often used with an indefinite third person singular antecedent their: used with an indefinite third person singular antecedent: anyone in their senses---W.H.Auden 在给 “they” 和“their”的使用作定义时，字典编撰人员对这一使用的可接受性没有进行任何主观价值判断，足以说明 “they” 和“their”的单数无标记使用已经广为流传。 Sinclair在1987年编著的Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary(CCELD)中指出： he: 1）to refer to a man or a boy who has already been mentioned or named, or whose identity is known. 2）to refer to a person whose sex is not known or is not stated, esp. after pronoun such as “someone”, or “nobody” or when you have used a singular noun to refer to a particular class or group of people. Some people dislike this use. they: 1）Refer to people, animals or things that have already been mentioned or whose identity is known. 2）Instead of “he” or “she”, to refer to a person w