措辞学温习重点 第一章(国外英文资料).docVIP

语言学复习重点 第一章(国外英文资料) Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics (this chapter mainly discusses what language is, what is the function of language, the origin and classification of language, and, what is the linguistics, what is the scope of linguistics research) The nature of language -- what is language? Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 1 Language is systematic and systematic. Explanation: the language is systematic since element in it are arranged to certain rules. (E.G.O nly certain combination of contributor are possible in English) Duality duality: Each language is organized into two basic systems: a system of sound and a system of meaning. Language is symbolic (important: Icon, Index, Symbol) Explanation: there is no or little connection between the contributor that people use and objects to which the contributor refer. (this sentence did not focus, but cant, so on PPT, I think should be understanding of the symbolic people use signs to communicate, which means that language involves signs are logical) because: Great the father of modern linguistics Saussure: linguistics is a subdivision (branch) of semiology, semiotics, dealing with language as a special means of human communication. (linguistics is a branch of semiotics, is the study of language as a subject in a special kind of communication way.) The linguists were bored, and decided to divide the symbols of these disorganized symbols, and so they did: Icon The Index Symbol Language is arbitrary There is no natural connection between meaning and sound, the word and the object, the form of word and their meanings. There is no natural connection between signifier and signified. However, not everything about language is unpredictable. Words are arbitrary in form, but they are not random in their use. In other Words, is the man who invented Words casually invention, you cannot use casually. Anyway, you cant call the table a pig. Language is primarily vocal. There are five t