现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解与习题.doc

八下现在完成时与现在完成进行时 现在完成时讲与练 一.现在完成时的构成: 现在完成时由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.? 二.现在完成时的概念和用法（其用法主要有三种）? I.“已完成”用法?:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。 ?1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。 ?Li Ming has just turned off the light.?李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）? Ive finished my homework now.?现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）? 2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。? I have lost my pen.?我把笔丢了。?（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔） She has become a teacher.?她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）? ?II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。? He has lived here for 30 years.?他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）? Theyve known each other since childhood.?他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来） ?How long have you studied English？?你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学） ?III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。 常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice.?我曾经去过颐和园两次。? He has always said so.他总是这么说. 三.句型结构 ⑴肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他。(主语是第三人称单数时用has，其他人称用have)。 如：I have done my homework since 6:00. They have found the lost boy. She has gone to Beijing since she was 16 years old. ⑵否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他。 如： They have worked for 20 hours.→They haven’t worded for 20 hours. He has had his breakfast.→He hasn’t had his breakfast. ⑶一般疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 如：She has been to Beijing.→Has she been to Beijing? ---Yes,she has./No,she hasn’t. They have already learned three English songs.→Have they learned three English songs yet? ---Yes,they have./No,they haven’t. ⑷特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ 如: How many words has he learned yet? How long hawe you lived here? 四.现在完成时的时间状语? I.现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 用副词already和ye