汽车轻量化技术发展综述.pdfVIP

汽车轻量化技术发展综述 摘要：汽车轻量化是实现节能减排最直接的有效途径之一，对汽车工业的可持续发展具有 重要意义，同时也是汽车工业发展的重要方向之一。当前我国汽车工业轻量化水平与国外具 有很大的差距，亟需从各个层面解决这个问题，在未来实现真正意义上的轻量化。本文从结 构优化设计、新型轻量化材料的应用和先进制造工艺这三个方面对汽车轻量化技术的国内外 研究现状和发展趋势进行了综述。最后，对汽车轻量化技术进行展望。 关键词： 汽车轻量化；节能减排；结构优化；新型材料；先进制造工艺 中图分类号：U 462 文献标识码：A Development of lightweight technology for automobile Abstract: Automobile lightweight is one of the most effective ways to realize energy saving and emission reduction. It is very important to the sustainable development of automobile industry. It is also one of the important directions of the development of the automobile industry at the same time. At present, Chinas automobile industry has a large gap between the level of quantitative and foreign. It is high time to take some measures to solve this problem and achieve the true sense of the light in future. This paper from the structure optimization design and application of a new type of lightweight materials and advanced manufacturing technology of the three aspects of the automotive lightweight technology at our country and abroad research status quo and development trend were reviewed. Finally, the automobile lightweight technology is prospected. Key words: Automotive lightweight; Energy-saving and emission-reduction; Structure optimization; New materials; Advanced manufacturing technology 1 引言 最大限度地减轻各零部件的质量，达到质量、性能、 据报道预计到 2020 年中国汽车保有量将超过 2 成本三者的最优结合。在进行汽车结构轻量化设计 亿辆。到 2015 年底，全球汽车保有量达到 11.2 亿 时，需考虑三个方面的要求：一是强度要求，不能 辆左右。汽车保有量的增加在给人们出行带来方便 发生材料的破坏；二是刚度要求，即变形不能超过 的同时也带来了能耗、安全、污染等问题。相关实 允许的范围；三是稳定性要求，包括动态稳定性和 验表明，若汽车整车重量降低 10%，燃油效率可提 静态稳定性。轻量化技术涵盖行业和学科多，产业 高 6%—8%；汽车整车质量每减少 100 公斤，百公里