句子的被动语态.docVIP

?句子的被动语态 ? He wrote the letter. The letter was written by him. ? (被动语态) 划分句子成分 ? They are building a house now. A house is being built (by them) now. (被动语态) ? ? 英语句子有主动语态和被动语态两种。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者； 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 ? 被动语态的句子是由: “be +及物动词过去分词(done)” ? ? 所有被动语态的句子理论上都可以还原成一个“主谓宾”结构的句子。 ? 被动语态常用在以下三种情况： ?1). 不知道谁是动作执行者 ? eg: His bike has been stolen. ?2). 没必要指出谁是动作的执行者 ? eg: I was told you were late this morning. ?3). 需要强调突出动作的承受者时 ?eg: The final decision has been made. ? ? 被动语态可用于不同时态当中，只需变化”be”的形式（其规则和be一样），过去分词(done)部分不变。疑问和否定也与be一样。 一般现在时被动: I am (not) told … 一般过去时被动: I was (not) told… 一般将来时被动: I will(not) be told… 现在进行时被动: I am(not) being told... 过去进行时被动: I was(not) being told… 现在完成时被动: I have (not)been told… 过去完成时被动: I had(not)been told … ? ? 一般现在时被动: am/is/are +done 一般过去时被动: was/were+ done 一般将来时被动: shall/will+ be done 现在进行时被动: am/is/are+being done 过去进行时被动: was/were+being done 现在完成时被动: have/has+been done 过去完成时被动: had +been done l 情态动词+ be+ done ? 被动语态的常见考点和难点： 1. 被动语态与不同时态的结合 ? 2. 一些动词短语，固定搭配也可以别为被动句，其实质不变。 eg: The teacher was listened to carefully. ?? The Premier is highly thought of by the people. We should make good use of our time. Our time should be made good use of. Good use should be made /of our time. 3. 复合宾语结构的主动变被动 ? make/see/hear … sb do Sb is/was made/seen/heard to do. ? 4. 在有一些句子结构中，用主动的形式来表达被动的意思。 ? The book sells well. ? This kind of cloth washes very well. ? The door opens easily. ? The problem is difficult to deal with. The music is nice to listen. The book is worth reading. The tree needs watering. 【例题】 ?1. You can see the house ___ for years. ?? A. isn’t paint?? B. hasn’t paint ?? C. hasn’t been painted ?? D. hadn’t been painted 2. ---Why does Mike look so unhappy? ?? --- He has ___ by his classmate. ? A. laughed?????? B. laughed at ? C. been laughed D. been laughed at 3. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I ? should reject the offter. ??? A. gave??? B. was given ??? C. to give?? D.had given 4. The police found that the house ___ ? and lots of